Author: Kaswar Klasra
Published: 15 Oct 2025
When Israeli jets struck Qatar in late September, the reverberations carried far beyond Doha’s skyline. In Riyadh, they rattled the foundations of decades-old security assumptions and accelerated a negotiation that had been quietly unfolding between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Within days, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced a landmark Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement (SMDA), a historic pact that redefines the Islamic world’s strategic map.
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